U.S. Assistance to Belarus

U.S. Government Assistance FY 2001 Annual Report

(Belarus excerpt from the FY 2001 Annual Report on U.S. Government Assistance to and Cooperative Activities with the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union)

Political Overview

In September 2001, head of state Aleksandr Lukashenko was returned to office for a new five-year term through presidential elections characterized by massive fraud and vote rigging. Although opposition parties demonstrated an ability to form a broad coalition and selected a single candidate, labor union leader Vladimir Goncharik, to run against Lukashenko, the opposition's presidential campaign efforts were stymied by government actions that included direct intimidation, denial of access to state media, and the stifling of independent media. The opposition was also effectively precluded from having its members serve on local election commissions. On Election Day, independent election observers—both local and international—were barred from observing vote counting and tabulation. Throughout the year, Lukashenko continued to rule by presidential decree, as the Parliament remained essentially powerless, and the courts did not exercise independence from executive-branch authorities. However, in spite of the Belarusian Government's efforts to suppress civil society through such means as complicated procedures for registering NGOs, a presidential decree impeding NGOs from receiving international assistance, and harassment of civil society activists by state security services, the presidential election process provided a context for the emergence of a more vibrant civil society. Local government elections are expected to be held in early 2003.

Economic Overview

Belarus has largely retained a centrally planned economy, with most large-scale enterprises still in government hands. Privatization efforts remained blocked by the Lukashenko regime in FY 2001, while the government discouraged the development of private small and medium-sized enterprises through infringements on private property rights, harassment from tax authorities and other government entities, and state-sector subsidies that rendered private business unprofitable. Belarus's economy remains heavily dependent on Russia, both as a market for exports and as a provider of subsidized energy resources. Given the overall economic and political climate, there is very little foreign investment in Belarus. In FY 2001, economic growth was stagnant. Inflation was well over 50 percent, as a result of currency emissions to cover a significant government budget deficit. The government's sole economic success was in increasing the convertibility of the Belarusian ruble. Preliminary steps were taken towards economic integration with Russia, including efforts at harmonizing taxation policies.

Overview of U.S. Government Assistance

In FY 2001, the U.S. Government provided an estimated $37.78 million in assistance to Belarus, including $12.41 million in FREEDOM Support Act (FSA) assistance ($11.43 million in FY 2001 funds and $980,000 in prior-year funds), $500,000 from the State Department's Human Rights and Democracy Fund (HRDF), $440,000 in Educational and Cultural Exchanges (ECE) assistance, and privately donated and U.S. Defense Department excess humanitarian commodities valued at $24.39 million. U.S. Government assistance to Belarus continued to be subject to a policy of "selective engagement" with the Government of Belarus—a policy adopted after the illegal constitutional referendum of November 1996, through which Lukashenko extended his term of office and brought about the dissolution of Belarus's legitimate parliament. Under "selective engagement," no U.S. bilateral assistance is channeled through the Government of Belarus, except for humanitarian assistance and exchange programs with state-run educational institutions. U.S. Government assistance to Belarus is almost exclusively targeted at the country's non-governmental sector, particularly NGOs and independent media that are working to promote the development of civil society and the free flow of information. In FY 2001, the U.S. Government's assistance strategy for Belarus was focused on promoting the conduct of free and fair democratic elections and the growth of civil society in Belarus. U.S. Government-funded assistance programs sought to increase the democratic awareness of Belarusian citizens in the context of the October 2000 parliamentary and September 2001 presidential elections. The U.S. Government also sought to counteract the Belarusian Government's efforts to limit the free flow of information in Belarus, providing small grants, legal aid, Internet access and other essential services to Belarus's independent press.

Training, Exchange and Educational Reform Programs

Since FY 1993, U.S. Government-funded exchange programs have brought over 2,300 Belarusian citizens to the United States for short-term professional or long-term academic training, including some 310 in FY 2001 alone. These programs are giving reform-oriented Belarusians an opportunity to develop their skills and establish contacts with U.S. counterparts.

U.S. Department of State – Public Diplomacy Exchanges: In FY 2001, academic and professional exchange programs administered by the U.S. Embassy's Public Affairs Section (PAS) in collaboration with the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) continued to be a key component of U.S. Government-funded assistance to Belarus. Approximately 290 Belarusians traveled to the United States under the ECA Bureau's academic and professional exchange programs. A total of 90 people from throughout Belarus traveled to the United States for short-term professional training under the Community Connections Program, which was launched in Belarus in 1997. More than 40 Belarusian high school students spent one full academic year living with an American family and attending an American high school under the Future Leader's Exchange (FLEX) program. More than 30 Belarusians received opportunities to study at U.S. universities through the Muskie Undergraduate and Graduate Exchange Programs, the Fulbright Program, the Regional Scholars Fellowship and the Fellowships in Contemporary Issues programs. Through the International Visitor (IV) Program, the Embassy Public Affairs Section, sent over 50 Belarusians to the United States for professional training in areas such as public opinion polling, print journalism, NGO management, cultural heritage preservation, immigration and refugee issues, and international crime. In addition, the PAS brought a number of U.S. specialists from various disciplines to Belarus to give lectures and consult with local counterparts. For example, one of America's premiere academics at Columbia University helped to organize Belarus's first-ever trans-Atlantic studies program at the European Humanities University, the country's leading independent university. Upon returning home, an alumna of a program funded through the ECA Bureau's Professional Training Program who participated in a leadership program organized by Magee Womancare International founded the Association of Women-Entrepreneurs, which supports small businesses established by women, and established The Mogilev Economic Newspaper. She is also working to assist women in crisis situations and young women graduating from high school, and is providing consulting services for female entrepreneurs.

U.S. Department of State – Internet Access Training Program (IATP): In FY 2001, the IATP Program, which is administered by the ECA Bureau, opened four new public-access Internet facilities in Belarus, bringing the total number to six. The IATP sites are located in public libraries and are generally comprised of eight to ten public-access Internet terminals. The sites are located in Minsk, Grodno, Brest, Mogilev, Vitebsk and Gomel.

U.S. Department of State – English Language Training: Under this program, which is administered by the ECA Bureau, Belarus received its first U.S. Government-funded English teaching professional, who is teaching at the Minsk State Linguistics University.

U.S. Department of Commerce – Special American Business Internship Training (SABIT): In FY 2001, the SABIT Program sent five Belarus managers and scientists to U.S. companies for hands-on training, ranging from four weeks to six months in duration, in the areas of retail, tourism, and small and medium enterprise association development. All five took part in the following specialized programs: business management for women, services, and business association development. Since completing her SABIT internship in March 2001, an apparel manager from Pinsk has opened up a second retail clothing store in her hometown, and is applying Western marketing, strategic planning and customer-service concepts.

Democracy Programs

Democracy Fund Small Grants Program: In FY 2001, the U.S. Embassy's Democracy Commission awarded 136 grants totaling approximately $2 million in support of independent print and electronic media, youth and women's groups, human rights groups, independent trade unions, and other pro-democracy organizations. This brings the cumulative number of Democracy Commission grants since 1997 to 371. Although Democracy Commission grants are limited in size (individual grants do not exceed $24,000, with most falling between $5,000 and $15,000), they have proven to be a very effective vehicle for supporting the reform efforts of non-governmental segments of Belarusian society. In conjunction with technical and legal assistance provided by USAID, Democracy Commission grants helped sustain national, regional and local independent print media in Belarus despite continued government harassment. The grants helped Belarusian NGOs and independent media explain the importance of a free and fair democratic electoral process to Belarusian citizens during the parliamentary and presidential elections. Democracy Commission grants also played a significant role in supporting human rights monitoring and education programs in Belarus.

USAID Political Party Development Programs: In FY 2001, USAID political process programs implemented by the International Republican Institute (IRI) and the National Democratic Institute (NDI) focused on strengthening the capacity of democratic political forces to participate in the electoral process, as well as on training democratically oriented NGOs to monitor the electoral process in an effective, non-partisan manner. USAID-funded assistance was targeted on building a broad pro-democracy coalition including political parties and other civil society groups, training regional political-party staff in the basics of party work and the analysis and use of strategic polling data. Coalition-building roundtables and conferences were organized for leaders of democratic political parties and civil society groups, facilitating the formation of a broad civic coalition that put forward and supported a united pro-democracy candidate. Technical training and on-site consultations for regional party activists considerably enhanced the skills of party officials, who joined campaign teams and played key roles in running election campaigns. Campaign managers were trained in the use of strategic polling data. A reliable strategic polling program was designed and implemented in Belarus. In July 2001, sociologists introduced tracking sample techniques that allowed close monitoring of public opinion. These USAID-funded activities helped make political leaders much more sensitive to the importance of public opinion. In FY 2002, IRI and NDI will continue to conduct in-country workshops and other programs that promote political party-building, but do not favor any particular party or candidate.

USAID Support for Domestic Election Observer Network: USAID and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) jointly provided training and technical assistance to a non-partisan domestic election observer network established by the Central Coordinating Rada (Council) of Observers and the Assembly of Democratic NGOs. The observer network involved approximately 14,000 observers who covered every polling station in Belarus with at least two observers per polling station on Election Day (September 9), and at least one observer per polling station during the five days of early voting (September 4-8).

USAID Support for Independent Media: Recognizing that independent print and broadcast media is an essential element for establishing a democratic and market-based system, USAID stepped up its support of independent media in Belarus in FY 2001. USAID's Professional Media Program (ProMedia II), which is implemented by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), provided financial and technical support to newspapers, independent television stations, and extra-territorial radio stations. Throughout the year, the Belarusian Government increased its harassment of the independent media through the issuance of presidential decrees, inspections by the tax police, equipment confiscation and the closing-down of independent printing presses and newspapers. Emergency newsprint and equipment grants to independent media were made available to allow continued publication leading up to the elections. ProMedia II continued to serve as a source of technical assistance and communications support for all non-governmental media, providing training in election coverage and investigative reporting to independent journalists throughout the country. As noted above, Democracy Commission grants were also used to provide material support to independent media.

USAID Rule-of-Law Programs: When it began operations in Belarus in 1992, the American Bar Association's USAID-funded Central and Eastern European Law Initiative (ABA/CEELI) focused on reforming legal education, the legal profession and the judiciary. However, because Belarusian Government institutions have been unwilling to institute reforms and due to the U.S. Government's policy of "selective engagement," ABA/CEELI shifted its focus to working with human-rights organizations, law students, and local judges' and lawyers' associations. In FY 2001, ABA/CEELI continued to support the development of the Free Trade Union of Belarus by training trade union lawyers and workers on principles of the independent trade union movement, labor, employment, workers' and human rights. However, in addition to maintaining its ongoing human-rights-oriented programs, ABA/CEELI devoted substantial time and resources to election-related public education and advocacy activities. ABA/CEELI provided support to legal professionals involved in various aspects of the electoral process, focusing its efforts on developing a cadre of expert human-rights lawyers who could actively represent citizens and provide legal support to NGOs and independent media during the run-up to the presidential elections. In addition, ABA/CEELI provided targeted election-related training to legal professionals working at the local and national level with the domestic election observer network described above, as well as training for Belarusian citizens on addressing human and civil rights violations during the pre-election period.

USAID Support for NGO Development: Despite the Belarusian Government's general attitude of distrust towards NGOs and its desire to suppress all civic initiatives, Belarusian NGOs were quite active in FY 2001 in the areas of human rights, social services and humanitarian activities (i.e., helping people meet their basic needs), and addressing social welfare and other issues of public interest. The Belarusian Government created an extremely unfavorable legal, political and economic environment for NGO formation and survival in FY 2001, using tax, audit and other types of inspections as a way of pressuring NGOs engaging in civil society development activities. The most notable hurdle placed in the path of Belarusian NGOs was Presidential Decree Number Eight, "On the Registration Procedure for Foreign Gratuitous Aid," which seriously infringed on the rights of recipient organizations and individuals. The government's hostile attitude notwithstanding, Belarusian NGOs continued to build a foundation for a genuinely democratic civil society. In FY 2001, USAID expanded its NGO development activities, supporting civil society organizations and independent trade unions with expertise in protecting their constituents' rights. USAID also supported NGO-implemented voter education and get-out-the-vote campaigns throughout the country, and achieved significant results in strengthening civic groups to be effective advocates for democratic reform and democratic values by training domestic non-partisan election observers. With USAID support, Freedom House and the Counterpart Alliance for Partnership (CAP) promoted civil society development in Belarus in FY 2001 by providing technical and legal assistance and small grants to local NGOs. In FY 2001, USAID expanded its NGO development activities, supporting civil society organizations and independent trade unions with expertise in protecting their constituency's rights and initiating legislative change. NGOs were also intensively involved in voter education and get-out-the-vote campaigns throughout the country.

·Freedom House:  Freedom House's Building Democracy in Belarus program made 65 grants to support the election mobilization campaign, which consisted of a series of synchronized countrywide actions and events, with the same positive message delivered in all localities. Projects on youth and women, especially those coordinated with the national voter mobilization effort, were given special consideration; other grants supported materials production, community, sports and cultural events. Grants were also awarded to establish cooperative links between Belarusian NGOs and their counterparts in countries that have held democratic elections and have had experience in nonpartisan mobilization campaigns.

·Counterpart Alliance for Partnership (CAP): CAP promoted civil society development in Belarus by providing assistance to local NGOs. Six new NGO coalitions were created with the help of CAP-sponsored mobilization events: Dialogue (12 NGOs); Belarus Women's Alliance (24 NGOs); Bobruysk Coalition (17 NGOs); Vitebsk Women's NGO Coalition (9 NGOs); Mogilev NGO Center (16 NGOs); Gorky NGO Coalition (8 NGOs). Most groups are dedicated to continuing their work in democracy building and have expressed interest in focusing on the 2003 local elections as their next challenge. USAID has achieved significant results in strengthening civic groups to be effective advocates for democratic reform and democratic values through training non-partisan election observers for monitoring election violations.

U.S. Department of State – Support for the National Endowment for Democracy (NED): In FY 2001, the Office of the Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to Europe and Eurasia provided $3.08 million in supplemental funding to NED to support its grant-making activities in Belarus. This supplemental funding was used to support more than 50 projects seeking to promote free, fair and transparent presidential elections in Belarus. NED supported the non-partisan, election-related efforts of U.S. and Belarusian NGOs to educate citizens, mobilize voters, promote a free exchange of ideas and issues, monitor the polls, and improve political party and NGO coalition-building. NED's get-out-the-vote grants included a strong focus on youth, workers and rural citizens.

U.S. Department of State – Human Rights and Democracy Fund (HRDF): The 2001 presidential elections presented a unique opportunity for the U.S. Government to support Belarusian organizations working to promote free and fair elections. In FY 2001, the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL) provided $500,000 from the DRL-administered HRDF to the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) to award subgrants to democratic forces in Belarus for election-related projects, including get-out-the-vote campaigns, independent media campaigns, coalition-building and human-rights monitoring of compliance with OSCE-mandated conditions.

Economic Development Programs

USAID Support for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development: To safeguard the results of the USAID-supported small-scale privatization program, which was implemented by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) but ended in May 2000 due to Belarusian Government's reluctance to pursue continued privatization, and to improve the conditions for existing small businesses, USAID launched a Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME) Development Project in June 2000. This activity complemented USAID's civil society development activities by providing technical and legal assistance to private entrepreneurs and business associations, which are rapidly becoming one of the strongest public voices for greater private-sector development in Belarus. In FY 2001, the SME Development Project focused on strengthening business associations and increasing their customer and membership base, and on developing SMEs' lobbying capability and advocacy skills. USAID took full advantage of the unique opportunity created by the pre-election period to help strengthen and integrate the Belarusian business community, so as to enable it to defend itself and lobby effectively for its rights and interests.

USAID Support for Women Entrepreneurs: The Women's Economic Empowerment Program (WEEP) implemented by Winrock International and Agricultural Cooperative Development International / Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance (ACDI/VOCA) provided support to women's business initiatives, with the goal of empowering women to take more control over their personal and economic situation. Due to the restrictive and stagnating business environment in Belarus in FY 2001, WEEP concentrated on offering educational and informational programs to help women NGO activists develop better leadership and managerial skills. WEEP also provided seed funding to support ten women's local initiatives throughout Belarus, including workshops, roundtables and conferences that reached over 3,000 women in towns and villages throughout Belarus.

USAID Support for Agribusiness Development:  In FY 2001, the Citizens' Network for Foreign Affairs (CNFA) initiated a USAID-funded agribusiness volunteer program geared towards helping Belarusian private farmers and agribusinesses to overcome the current adverse economic conditions and become role models for other entrepreneurs. CNFA worked towards this goal by strengthening the organizational capacity of the Belarusian Farmer's Union and its regional affiliates, supporting the development of grassroots private farmers, and linking promising private farmers with Western agribusinesses. In FY 2001, CNFA brought 15 U.S. volunteers to Belarus to provide technical assistance to independent farmers.

USAID Farmer-to-Farmer (FTF) Program: The political and legal environment for the development of private agribusiness remained difficult in Belarus in FY 2001. Private ownership of agricultural land is still illegal. In spite of these obstacles, some private firms and associations have been created. FTF volunteers are helping the Belarusian Farmers' Association develop a non-governmental, member-driven organization and are helping several private firms by providing training in financial management.

U.S. Department of Commerce – Business Information Service for the NIS (BISNIS): BISNIS published three Search for Partners leads to help private companies in Belarus develop business relationships with U.S. companies.

Security and Regional Stability Programs

As it has for the past several years, Belarus remained ineligible to receive U.S. Government-funded security-related assistance in FY 2001. In February 1997, President Clinton de-certified Belarus under the U.S. Defense Department's Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program due to its poor record on human rights, resulting in program suspension and reallocation to other countries of unobligated CTR funds. The U.S. Government is providing minimal security-related assistance to Belarus on a case-by-case basis. For example, the U.S. Embassy in Minsk continues to send Belarusians from both the governmental and non-governmental sectors to training at the U.S. Defense Department's Marshall Center in Germany and has sponsored the participation of Belarusian journalists and academicians in NATO familiarization programs.

Humanitarian Assistance Programs

USAID Humanitarian Assistance: Since 1995, the USAID-funded Counterpart Humanitarian Assistance Program (CHAP) has delivered and distributed more than $27 million worth of humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable groups in Belarus, including almost $4.76 million in FY 2001.  CHAP continues to coordinate its efforts with Counterpart's NGO Development Program to provide Belarusian NGOs with commodities that enhance the effectiveness and visibility of their community-focused projects. CHAP donations to CAP-targeted NGOs have been almost $1.8 million since the program's inception; 273 CAP-supported NGOs have received CHAP donations. CHAP's new approach has helped Belarusian NGOs play a more important role in social services, humanitarian relief and health, especially in rural areas. The State Department's Operation Provide Hope supplemented this program by providing transportation and commodity support.

U.S. Department of Defense – U.S. European Command (EUCOM) Humanitarian Assistance: In FY 2001, EUCOM delivered $182,000 in medical supplies, equipment and delivery vans to a renovated blood bank in Belarus. The cost of this project was $12,000.

U.S. Department of State – Operation Provide Hope: In FY 2001, the Humanitarian Programs Division of the Office of the Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to Europe and Eurasia transported approximately $19.46 million in privately donated and U.S. Defense Department excess humanitarian commodities to Belarus at a cost of approximately $700,000 to the U.S. Government. The primary U.S. private voluntary organization (PVO) involved in this effort was CitiHope.

Cross-Sectoral Programs

Eurasia Foundation: At the end of FY 2001, USAID's Office of the Inspector General issued its final report on the fraudulent actions of an employee of the Eurasia Foundation's Kiev regional office, which administers the Foundation's grant-making activities in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. Upon discovering evidence in FY 1999 that fraud had taken place, the Foundation referred the case to Ukrainian authorities. The USAID Inspector General's report reached conclusions regarding the total amount misappropriated and made a series of recommendations to ensure improved program management. The Eurasia Foundation has taken the control actions recommended by the USAID Inspector General, who subsequently closed the case, enabling USAID to negotiate a new grant with the Foundation. The Foundation's insurance company has fully reimbursed USAID for the misappropriated funds. The Foundation plans to resume grant-making in Belarus during the first half of 2002. In FY 2001, through its headquarters in Washington, D.C., the Foundation approved a partnership grant to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York (Buffalo) to implement the third phase of the establishment of a Western-style master's in business administration (MBA) program at the Yanka Kupala State University in Grodno, Belarus. A third partner under this partnership grant was the Riga School of Business in Latvia.  Grant funds will support continued faculty training, the development of regionally oriented case studies and teaching materials, the establishment of an English Language Center, the strengthening of the academic and administrative infrastructure of the program, and the implementation of the first year of the MBA program.

Preview of FY 2002 Programs

In FY 2002, U.S. Government assistance programs will continue to focus on strengthening civil society, following the undemocratic parliamentary and presidential elections held in Belarus in FY 2001. The main emphasis will be on supporting independent print and electronic media, political-party development, civil-society development, and human-rights protection, bringing to bear the Central and Eastern European countries' experience in these areas. Assistance will also be provided in the areas of trade union democratization, economic development, humanitarian programs, and culture. The goal of U.S. assistance will be to strengthen Belarusian civil society in order to develop democratic political structures that represent all segments of society and can bring Belarus up to European democratic standards.

FY 2001 FUNDS BUDGETED FOR U.S. GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE TO BELARUS
(millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest $10,000, as of 12/31/01)

FREEDOM SUPPORT ACT (FSA) FUNDS USAID/E&E - BUREAU FOR EUROPE & EURASIA   - Democratic Reform 4.56 TOTAL USAID 4.56 TRANSFERS TO OTHER AGENCIES   U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE - SABIT, BISNIS 0.07 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE - EUR/ACE - HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE   - Transportation Costs and Grants 0.50 - Cargo Value (DoD excess and privately donated, not included in total below) 19.46 TOTAL COORDINATOR'S OFFICE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 19.96 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE   - ECA Bureau - Public Diplomacy Programs 2.93 - EUR Bureau - Public Diplomacy Programs 3.35 - International Information Programs (IIP) 0.02 TOTAL U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE 6.30 TOTAL TRANSFERS TO OTHER AGENCIES 6.87 TOTAL FY 2001 FREEDOM SUPPORT ACT (FSA) FUNDS BUDGETED 11.43 OTHER AGENCY FUNDS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE - EUCOM Humanitarian Assistance 0.01 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY   U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE   - NADR / Science Centers   - Nonproliferation/Disarmament Fund (NDF)   - Warsaw Initiative/Foreign Military Financing (FMF)   - ECA Bureau - Public Diplomacy Programs (ECE account) 0.44 - International Information Programs (IIP) 0.03 - DRL Bureau - Human Rights & Democracy Fund (HRDF) 0.50 TOTAL U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE 0.97 TOTAL FY 2001 AGENCY FUNDS BUDGETED 0.98 TOTAL FY 2001 U.S. GOVERNMENT (FSA + OTHER AGENCY) FUNDS BUDGETED 12.41 For additional details, please see charts in Appendix of this report. COORDINATOR'S OFFICE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO BELARUS The following is a listing of humanitarian assistance funded by the Office of the Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to Europe and Eurasia (EUR/ACE), including air and surface transportation of U.S. Government excess property and privately donated commodities (food, clothing and medical supplies/equipment), grants and special projects. (Values are in millions of dollars.) FISCAL YR. METHOD FLIGHTS CONTAINERS TRANSPORT GRANTS CARGO VALUE TOTAL 1992 Airlift 8   0.41 13.36   1992 Surface   8 0.01 0.17   EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.16     FY 1992 TOTAL 8 8 0.58 13.53 14.11 1993 Airlift 3   0.27 3.05   1993 Surface   75 0.51 10.42   EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.40     FY 1993 TOTAL 3 75 1.18 13.47 14.65 1994 Airlift 2   0.21 1.82   1994 Surface   113 0.45 12.32   DoD Excess Hospital (Minsk-Aug '94) 1.50 11.20   EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.52     FY 1994 TOTAL 2 113 2.68 25.34 28.02 1995 Airlift 1   0.11 2.50   1995 Surface   108 0.54 14.99   Counterpart Grant     0.10     EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.45     FY 1995 TOTAL 1 108 1.20 17.49 18.69 1996 Airlift 4   0.44 11.83   1996 Surface   172 0.81 28.07   Counterpart Grant     0.10     EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.13     FY 1996 TOTAL 4 172 1.48 39.90 41.38 1997 Airlift 1   0.14 4.01   1997 Surface   58 0.29 6.45   Counterpart Grant     0.02     EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.13     FY 1997 TOTAL 1 58 0.58 10.46 11.04 1998 Airlift 3   0.11 2.44   1998 Surface   37 0.18 5.42   EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.06     FY 1998 TOTAL 3 37 0.35 7.86 8.21 1999 Airlift 4   0.03 2.81   1999 Surface   69 0.27 14.16   Counterpart Grant     0.01     CitiHope     0.06     EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.05     FY 1999 TOTAL 4 69 0.41 16.97 17.39 2000 Airlift 4   0.08 4.31   2000 Surface   59 0.25 10.40   Counterpart Grant     0.04     Counterpart Small Medium 0.03     CitiHope     0.15     EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.07     FY 2000 TOTAL 4 59 0.62 14.72 15.34 2001 Airlift 2   0.08 8.68   2001 Surface   82 0.31 10.78   Counterpart Grant     0.04     Counterpart Small Medium   0.03     CitiHope     0.17     Global Transitions   0.02     EUR/ACE Admin & Program Support 0.05     FY 2001 TOTAL 2 82 0.70 19.46 20.16 Cumulative Total 32 781 9.78 179.20 188.98